茶树精油对干眼症患者感染的螨虫治疗效果的研(3)

研究提示眼部瘙痒与蠕形螨感染之间有很强的相关性，每天用5%的茶树精油软膏(tea tree oil ointment,TTOO)进行眼睑按摩可以消除瘙痒症状并减少蠕形螨的数量[17]。在睑部皮肤和睑缘上涂抹TTOO,它具有很长的作用时间，可以有效的阻止螨虫在眼部的交配繁殖活动，另外，TTOO 对睫毛根部具有很好的清洁效果，可以诱导螨虫爬出睫毛，进而对它们实施歼灭的作用，达到很好的治疗效果[17]。

尽管茶树精油对眼部螨虫具有很好的治疗效果，具有很好的临床应用前景，但目前茶树精油对眼睑皮肤有一定的刺激性，需要进一步的深入研究茶树精油的作用机制，开发无刺激的茶树精油眼部用剂。

5.结论

综上所述，茶树精油对螨虫有良好的杀灭作用，普通的睑缘清洁(碘伏、复方新洁儿灭、醋酸氯已定、鱼腥草滴眼液)对眼部螨虫的杀灭作用弱于茶树精油。

[1] Clayton,J.A.(2018)Dry Eye.The New England Journal of Medicine,378,2212-2223.

[2] Toda,I.(2018)Dry Eye after Ophthalmology ＆ Visual Science,59,DES109-DES115.

[3] Nsk,L.,Long,X.X.,et al.(2018)Can the Tea Tree Oil (Australian Native Plant:Melaleuca alternifoliaCheel)Be an Alternative Treatment for Human Demodicosis on ,145,1510-1520.

[4] Homer,L.E.,Leach,D.N.,Lea,D.,Slade,L.L.,Henry,R.J.and Baverstock,P.R.(2000)Natural Variation in the Essential Oil Content ofMelaleuca alternifoliaCheel (Myrtaceae).Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,28,367-382.

[5] Spieksma,F.T.(1990)Mite of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,8,31-49.

[6] Tighe,S.,Gao,Y.Y.and Tseng,S.C.(2013)Terpinen-4-ol Is the Most Active Ingredient of Tea Tree Oil to Kill Demodex Vision Science and Technology,2,2.

[7] Pan,Y.N.,et al.(2018)Effects of Five Chinese Herbs on Human Demodicid Mitesin Journal of Schistosomiasis Control,31,301-304.

[8] Klimov,P.B.,OConnor,B.M.,Chetverikov,P.E.,et al.(2018)Comprehensive Phylogeny of Acariform Mites (Acariformes)Provides Insights on the Origin of the Four-Legged Mites (Eriophyoidea),a Long Phylogenetics and Evolution,119,105-117.

[9] Nadchatram,M.(2006)A Review of Endoparasitic Acarines of Malaysia with Special Reference to Novel Endoparasitism of Mites in Amphibious Sea Snakes and Supplementary Notes on Ecology of Biomedicine,23,1-22.

[10] Cheng,A.M.,Sheha,H.and Tseng,S.C.(2015)Recent Advances on Ocular Demodex Opinion in Ophthalmology,26,295-300.

[11] Carson,C.F.,Hammer,K.A.and Riley,T.V.(2006)Melaleuca alternifolia(Tea Tree)Oil:A Review of Antimicrobial and Other Medicinal Microbiology Reviews,19,50-62.

[12] Hammer,K.A.(2015)Treatment of Acne with Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca)Products:A Review of Efficacy,Tolerability and Potential Modes of Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,45,106-110.

[13] Silva,C.S.,Figueiredo,H.M.,Tlm,S.and Lhmd,S.(2019)Inhibition ofListeria monocytogenesbyMelaleuca alternifolia(Tea Tree)Essential Oil in Ground Journal of Food Microbiology,293,79-86.

[14] Zhang,J.,Wu,H.,Jiang,D.,Yang,Y.,Tang,W.and Xu,K.(2019)The Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil fromMelaleuca leucadendra(L.)Grown in China and Its Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics against Product Research,33,2545-2548.

[15] Garozzo,A.,Timpanaro,R.,Stivala,A.,Bisignano,G.and Castro,A.(2011)Activity ofMelaleuca alternifolia(Tea Tree)Oil on Influenza Virus A/PR/8:Study on the Mechanism of Research,89,83-88.

[16] Gao,Y.Y.,Di,P.M.A.,Li,W.,et al.(2005)In Vitroandin VivoKilling of Ocular Demodex by Tea Tree Journal of Ophthalmology,89,1468-1473.

[17] Gao,Y.Y.,Xu,D.L.,lJ,H.,Wang,R.and Tseng,S.C.(2012)Treatment of Ocular Itching Associated with Ocular Demodicosis by 5% Tea Tree Oil ,31,14-17.

目的：干眼是由多种因素引起的一种眼表慢性炎症性疾病，其中眼部螨虫感染是干眼症的一个重要的危险因素。本研究的目的是探究茶树精油对干眼症患者感染的螨虫治疗效果。方法：选取2017年1月至2020年1月就诊的干眼症合并螨虫感染患者为入组对象。在干眼症合并螨虫感染患者的眼部获取67只螨虫，并随机将其分为五组，置于载玻片上进行药物干预，分别为：第一组是碘伏组(Iodophor,n = 13只)，第二组是复方新洁尔灭(Cotrimoxazole,n = 12只)，第三组是醋酸氯已定组(Chlorhexidine Acetate,n =13只)，第四组是鱼腥草滴眼液组(Houttuynia cordata,n = 14只)，第五组是茶树精油组(Melaleuca Oil,n = 15只)。分别于15 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、3 h、4 h、6 h观察螨虫的存活时间。结果：从药物干预后15 min到6小时内，前四组中螨虫的存活状况变化不大。然而在茶树精油组，随时间的变化，螨虫存活情况大幅度减少，且在用药后15分钟即见效，用药后2小时螨虫的生存率降为0。且茶树精油对螨虫的杀灭效果与前四组之间存在显著的差异性，进而螨虫治疗中，一般性的药物起效作用时间应该至少1小时。结论：茶树精油对螨虫有良好的杀灭作用，普通的睑缘清洁(碘伏、复方新洁儿灭、醋酸氯已定、鱼腥草滴眼液)对眼部螨虫的杀灭作用弱于茶树精油。

文章来源：《眼科新进展》 网址: http://www.ykxjzzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0330/592.html